Desenvolvimento de um veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT) controlado por Arduino

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have evolved significantly, driven by technological advancements and the accessibility of electronic components, such as the Arduino platform. Their applications range from precision agriculture to industrial inspections, standing out for their versatility and low cost. However, challenges like flight stability require technical solutions, such as PID control algorithms, to ensure reliable performance. This project aims to explore these possibilities by integrating hardware and software to develop a functional prototype. The goal is to develop an Arduino-controlled UAV prototype, focusing on practical applications like monitoring and inspections, with emphasis on stability, modularity, and low cost. The project adopted a practical and experimental approach, divided into stages: literature review, component selection (Arduino Uno, brushless motors, MPU-6050 sensors), iterative prototyping, and C++ programming with PID control. Flight tests in a controlled environment evaluated performance and stability, while qualitative data guided adjustments. The methodology followed applied research principles, emphasizing hardware-software integration. The prototype demonstrated feasibility, with initial stability of 100% in Test 1, though gradual declines in subsequent tests (down to 80% in Test 5) indicate the need for sensor and software optimizations. The modular design and use of affordable components reinforced its educational and practical potential. Future improvements may include advanced sensors and increased energy autonomy, solidifying UAVs as versatile and democratized tools.