Rede Smart Grid: tecnologias de comunicação

Abstract

Among several discoveries and progress already achieved by science, electricity was one of the most impressive, and today, its presence is a decisive factor for the industrial, economic and social advancement of any region. In this sense, the concept of Smart Grid is highlighted as an intelligent network that can improve the efficiency of the system in general, considering the importance of energy management. However, for Smart Grids to be effectively reliable, it is necessary to integrate different types of equipment, communication technologies and data processing. And as a delimitation of this study, the communication networks that make up the Smart Grids are highlighted, as a topic of great importance in telecommunications systems. In this sense, the objective of this study is: To present the communication technologies that cover the Smart Grid network sector. To this end, a literature review was carried out based on publications in the area of Telecommunications, Energy and Technology, in libraries of higher education institutions and virtual libraries such as the Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. It was verified that the communication system is the key element of the Smart Grid infrastructure, since all initiatives in Smart Electric Grids pass through a communication infrastructure. Therefore, an intelligent electrical system switches the entire supply of energy through the distribution network, managing the need for energy through a communication system. The technologies studied in this study were: Wi-Fi, SigFox, LoraWAN, ZigBee, WiSUN and GPRS, which are technologies that operate from data collection to the calculation of monitored electrical quantities. Thus, the intelligence of the network resides in the ability of the devices to communicate, exchanging information that makes it possible to build a safer and more efficient network, based on a broad telecommunications support.