Plantas medicinais: alternativas didáticas para o ensino de botânica no ensino médio

Abstract

Biology Botany is a science that studies the vegetables. Its symbols, terms, names and concepts are difficult to learn and also difficult to remember making little students are interested in this discipline. Studying plants sets up a challenge for teachers and students especially when it comes to addressing contents that are hardly discussed in the classroom as in the case of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are presented as an important component of the flora and know it is of fundamental importance for the Amazon region since they have great cultural, social and economic prominence. Thus this work aimed at promoting diverse educational alternatives, prioritizing the inclusion of the element "plant", the group of angiosperms, in the teaching and learning of botany to content sensitize students to the importance of the crop study with emphasis on medicinal plants with the purpose of dissemination of Amazonian potential, preservation and conservation of the environment. The survey was conducted at the IFAM Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education Campus Manaus / Centre with 79 students from three classes of high school integrated into the computer technician, mechanical and buildings. The methodology used in this research was qualitative in nature. We used the questionnaire as a data collection tool for probing the prior knowledge about medicinal plants, with 12 questions including six open questions and closed six. In the survey, it was possible to list 40 species of medicinal plants known to students. After the survey conducted diversified interventions starting with dialogued lectures to introduce all topics and then the practical classes. Data collection was conducted in IFAM/CMC gardens with students in a group, where we identify 18 different species of medicinal, non-medicinal and ornamental. Of the 18 species, 16 were herborized for making herbarium. The structural study provided extensive questions about the morphological differences of root, stem, leaves and fruit between monocots and dicots. The activities for leaf anatomy was performed with the species Plectranthus barbatus (Bilberry) and Cymbopogon citratus (Capim Santo) because they were the two most medicinal plants cited by the students in the survey of prior knowledge. The record of all activities culminated in the construction of a portfolio. At the end of the activities and how assessment, the groups socialized work in seminar which presented the portfolio and the vouchers specimens. It was possible to analyze the data from the materials produced by the students, but the experience, the commitment and the development of activities were the most important elements and significant observed during the classes.