Tratamentos combinados para controle dos sintomas e qualidade de vida em cães com dermatite atópica

Abstract

In the case series of consultations performed at the small animal medical clinic, more specifically in dermatology, we have canine atopic dermatitis as a dermatopathy of significant occurrence. Canine atopic dermatitis is a genetically determined, chronic, itchy inflammatory disease associated with type I hypersensitivity to environmental allergens and type IV hypersensitivity, leading to impairment of the quality of life of animals, including their guardians. given the difficulty in controlling the clinical condition and the high cost of treatment. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, however, it is believed that an abnormality in the epidermal barrier is an exacerbating critic, if not the main one of canine atopic dermatitis. IL-31 is a cytokine that is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and is elevated in pruritic conditions. Food allergy can also trigger canine atopic dermatitis. Clinical signs include erythematous macules, small papules, self-induced alopecia, excoriations, lichenification, snout hyperpigmentation, concave face of the ear, ventral neck, armpits, groin, abdomen, perineum, ventral tail, flexural and of the extremities, whether or not seasonal. Diagnostic tests may include measurement of pruritus, assessment of animal behavior, visual scale, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extension and Severity Index - CADESI, exclusion of ectoparasites, exclusion of food allergy, exclusion of dermatophytosis, cutaneous lymphomas. We can also interpret clinical findings using Favrot criteria, intradermal testing, and allergen-specific sorology. The treatment is multimodal and consists of the combination or not of drugs such as oral or topical glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, specific allergen immunotherapy, oclacitinib, canine anti-IL31 monoclonal antibody, oral fatty acid supplements 3 and 6, use of specific shampoos, and hypoallergenic diets with hydrolyzed proteins. Because the disease is difficult to diagnose and treat, it is important to develop a literature review that addresses the disease and its treatment more current, thus facilitating the understanding and direction of consultation at the veterinary clinic and veterinary dermatology. This study aims to review the therapeutic possibilities for CAD, highlighting its indications, advantages and disadvantages for the control of associated symptoms.