Uma proposta de abordagem eficiente do conceito de campo elétrico

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to propose an efficient approach of the electric field concept so that it will be done considering that the education area lacks about efficient approaches related to the proposed theme. The electric field theme was used, considering that the students have several difficulties in their comprehension, though it is worth noting that their comprehension must be associated with a good contextualization for the Physics teaching. For the execution of our proposal, we selected a 2nd year class of Integrated Technical Education in Electrotechnics course at Federal Institute of Amazonas, Manaus Centro Campus. The respective class in the 1st year had already studied “Electric field” through the Technical discipline called “Electricity”, however the students had several difficulties on the subject, it was detected through the answers presented by the students through an initial questionnaire. Therefore, in order to fill this gap, we planned an expository lecture about electric field, developed with experiments assistance. Based on the experimental practice, we used some experiments, such as Electrostatic Generator, Magnetism Kit (field lines), through these materials, it was possible to make an analogy for the conceptual understanding of “Electric Field” theme with the support of the elaborated presentation. With the perspective to enhance students' learning related to the subject understanding, we set up the “flat capacitor” experiment coupled with the “electrostatic generator”, in which we emphasize that this experiment was used in order to make the learning much more meaningful. After this step we applied a final questionnaire to analyze the contribution in terms of knowledge in students´ understanding. Our proposal was based on Jerome Bruner's constructivist theory, which has as its intermediation process the educators´ role as a fundamental factor not only transmitting, but also related to the interpreting culture. The proposed activities, in this research take in consideration the teaching by discovery and the proposal of a spiral format curriculum, in which the content is proposed superficially and in depth according to the student's learning.