Supercondutividade: uma sequência didática para introdução do tema no ensino médio e a percepção dos professores do município de Tabatinga - AM

Abstract

Superconductivity is the phenomenon characterized by zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields that occurs in certain materials when they are below a certain temperature. The phenomenon was discovered by the German physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911, in Leiden. The study of superconductors is an area in constant evolution and discovery. As this is a very current and exciting topic, it is necessary to introduce concepts on the subject. This work aims to create an educational product through a didactic sequence for teaching superconductivity to students in the final years of regular high school. This study also aimed to address and relate the concept of superconductivity to other fundamental concepts of electrodynamics; to apply the concept of superconductivity in the context of Ohm's Law, making them accessible and understandable to students during their lessons; and to arouse students' interest and curiosity in science and physics. The methodology adopted involved qualitative and descriptive bibliographical research, with a review covering various works that address theoretical concepts of superconductivity. Questionnaires containing open and closed questions were used to collect data from the participants, as well as activities and assessments designed to verify learning. David Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning underpins the work.The data collected was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, showing a positive and decisive knowledge of the concepts of superconductivity and its phenomena. The application of these concepts in an accessible and comprehensive way proved satisfactory, establishing links between the students' previous knowledge and the new concepts. Considering that the implementation of this research through a didactic sequence was satisfactorily accepted by 82% of the students involved in the study, this work contributes to the improvement of Modern Physics teaching, emphasizing the importance of contextualization and practical applicability of concepts in the teaching-learning process.