Experimentação remota e simulações 3D aplicadas ao estudo da propagação das ondas eletromagnéticas por meio da aprendizagem baseada em projetos

Abstract

This work aims to present the results of a study that sought to conduct a Didactic Sequence methodologically grounded in Project-Based Learning, using some practical-experimental tools, to investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves with an emphasis on X-rays. This process allows for adaptations to in-person, hybrid, or remote teaching models. The study of electromagnetic waves is conventionally taught in high school, with an emphasis on the visible light spectrum. In contrast, our proposal presents a problem-based situation, focused on X-rays and their application in radiology, aiming to stimulate students to embark on an investigative journey with the purpose of proposing a solution to the presented situation. To assist and complement the theoretical research, practical-experimental tools are chosen, including remotely controlled experimental setups, a three-dimensional Android simulator, and a virtual reality simulator, which are developed throughout this work and methodologically structured and integrated into the phases of Project-Based Learning (PBL), adapted into introduction, initial research, artifact construction, second research phase, presentation, and publication. The results pertaining to these artifacts demonstrate that they are statistically valid for the collection of reliable experimental data and compatible with a wide range of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) synchronously or asynchronously, with the potential to complement each other or even expand the possibilities of implementing at least one of them in different classroom contexts. Simultaneously, the results of implementing the Educational Product provide evidence, through quantitative and qualitative studies, of the effectiveness of the proposal in two 3rd-year high school Physics classes, as well as discussions about its limitations and benefits. As a result of this work, it was possible to materialize and make available to society the Educational Product titled "Navigating Electromagnetic Waves: A Project-Based Learning Didactic Sequence for the Study of X-ray Propagation," which is versatile in terms of implementation, both in terms of content and the format of in-person or remote classes.