Propofol e sua aplicação em diferentes protocolos anestésicos: revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is one of the most well-known drugs and also one of the most used worldwide in general anesthesia, both as an anesthetic inducer and in total intravenous anesthetic maintenance (TIVA), being widely used in Veterinary Medicine. Such popularity is due to the fact that this drug provides a rapid return of consciousness and minimal residual effects. Like all drugs used in Veterinary Medicine, propofol also has adverse effects on its use. Among the main unwanted effects of this drug can be cited cyanosis and apnea, reduced blood pressure, decreased cardiac output, anaphylactic reactions, myoclonus and phenomena similar to seizures. The mechanisms of action of propofol are still not well understood, however, a possible interaction of the drug with GABA receptors has been pointed out as one of those responsible for the power of action of this drug. There is also the inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor through modulation of the regulation of the channel, as a mechanism responsible for the action in the central nervous system. The present study aimed to present a literature review on different anesthetic protocols with the use of propofol, old and recent, in an attempt to minimize the occurrence of its adverse effects as much as possible. Among the main anesthetic coinducers associated with propofol, we can mention: ketamine, acepromazine, melatonin, dexmedetomidine and fentanyl, which present good trans and postoperative results, being widely used in the veterinary anesthetic routine.